Economic Growth Of Africa, Agriculture, And Human Resources

Introduction: Economy of Africa includes trade , industry , agriculture, and human resources . Africa is also known to be a resource rich continent .The continent had reached a turning point in its development history and it act as a more significant role in the global economy in the twenty - first century . It has a high and continuous economic growth in the past decades. Growth Statistics: The average annual growth rate of real output increased from 1.8 per cent in the period of years between 1980 -1989 to 2.6 percent in 1990 - 2000 gradually it increases to 5.3 percent in 2000 - 2010. In the period of 1980s and 1990s the Africans growth rate has turn millennium and is higher than the average growth rate of world economy .†¦show more content†¦Challenges to Economic Growth Africa in-spites a strong economic growth performance over the past years .food insecurity , highly unemployment poverty and inequality , to agricultural product dependence , lack of economic transformation ,environmental degradation , and low integration of the continent in the global economy these are the challenges ranging from the many countries in the continent are engage with several development . The new partnership was adapted by the Africa s Heads of State and the Government for Africans development (NEPAD) at the continental level .The development process and the outcome and calls for interventions emphasizes in certain following areas like agriculture and food security , regional integration and infrastructure , climate change and environment , human development , economic governance and capacity development and women empowerment . Economic Growth Enhancement: Support and upgrade of Africa s late financial development requires the sustenance, widening and extending of political and monetary changes. Such changes are important for the landmass to successfully prepare household assets and pull in what s coming to it of worldwide outside speculation and capital streams. Past the product blast, African nations can support monetary development by wisely overseeing and putting their windfalls from the surge in merchandise costs in the building of

Wto As An International Institution - 1561 Words

However, WTO as an international institution is still a good idea. WTO seems to be important for developing economies in some reasons. First, as the weaker part in organizations, developing countries benefited from unilateral trade actions of United States and Europe. Second, WTO help developing countries to advance agriculture liberalization. As we know that agriculture is the most important thing for developing economies to raise its economy and reach more gain from trade. Third, the new open sectors in specific sectors like tourism also help developing countries to create more job opportunities. This means that developing countries still gain from joining the WTO as long as they perceived differentiated treatment to implement new trade disciplines due to their level of development. If there was no WTO, disputes or even cold war would be come up. As we cannot imagine the world without WTO or rules of free trade, I suggest that global economy is much worse than todays. The hopes from international trade is provision of such unavailable products in home economies. To fix this matters, taking consideration on reforming the WTO is a must, the problems lies on WTO frameworks, its role/mandates also its power. ï  ¶ CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DOHA ROUND BETWEEN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The credibility of multilateral trading system seem to be asked if WTO failed to provide a comprehensive negotiations to deal with across issues and sector (Schott, 2000). The effortShow MoreRelatedThe World Trade Organization Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe key multilateral economic institutions provide financial support though grants and loans as a way to enable economic and social development to occur in developing countries. The three main institutions i will be talking about include the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organisation. These organisations provide loans, grants and practical assistance to governments, in addition to loaning money to assist private businesses within developing countries. They also playRead MoreWorld Trade Organization ( Wto )1055 Words   |  5 PagesWorld Trade Organization (WTO) is an international institution that supervises and ensures the executions of trade agreements and treaties among economic entities. Its he adquarter is located in Geneva (Switzerland). It was called Economic UN for its status of international trade. The volumes of trade of the members have become the majority international trade. It is the maker, supervisor and executor of multilateral trade treaties and agreements. It is an important place to settle trade disputesRead MoreThe Globalization Paradox By Dani Rodrik1464 Words   |  6 Pages In The Globalization Paradox, Dani Rodrik articulates a reasoned, cohesive argument which calls for the temperament of unbridled, dogmatic globalization as advocated by the current international status quo. The essence of the paradox Rodrik describes is that globalization does indeed offer the opportunity to induce significant growth, but only when the process is done in a manner which takes into account the economic complexities of any specific country. As a clear advocate for the benefits ofRead MoreWorld Trade Organization Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO), is an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade. The WTO came into being on January 1, 1995, and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was created in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international organization. The World Trade Organization deals with the rules of trade between nations at a near-global level; itRead MoreHostility Against the World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank804 Words   |  3 Pagesagainst the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank Far from being seen as objective entities, the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank are often conceptualized as instruments of the developed world. It is alleged that they are used to enforce crippling economic policies upon the developing world. To some extent, it is perhaps inevitable that these international institutions are seen as such. The memory of colonialRead MoreDifference Between Realism And Social Constructivism1577 Words   |  7 Pagespresence of anarchy in the international system. They all base their suppositions of interactions between actors, state or non-state, on the idea that they exist in an international, anarchic void (Smuthkalin). Though the degree to which they credit anarchy with causality varies from theory to theory, its permanence and permeation are constant. The differences between these theories, however, is what sets liberalism apart as the most accurate descriptor of international politics. Both realism andRead MoreTrade Liberalization And Increased Transparency Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pages place institutions that support market liberalization and increased transparency. As argued by Drabek and Baccheta (2004), WTO membership eventually enhances good governance by upholding the rule law, contract enforcement and makes countries to have a strong judicial system. Other elements such as culture and group norms have fundamentally transformed how international organizations or governments shape their motivations and thus, the governing process is controlled by multiple entities with varyingRead MoreInternational Institutions, Treaties, And Sanctions Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Institutions, Treaties, and Sanctions and Their Effects on International Business International institutions abound in the realm of international business. As globalization increases, disputes multiply. The responsibilities of these organizations can vary due to the needs of its members, such as monetary or trade issues. Moreover, the support these institutions provide may come in the form of various agreements to include the negotiation or enforcement of sanctions and treaties whichRead MoreThe World Banks Role and Contribution across the Globe728 Words   |  3 PagesThe World Bank consists of two related institutions, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association. These bodies provide financing to poor countries with the objective of eliminating poverty in the world. The Bank provides financial products and services where they are needed most, and also contributes to knowledge sharing around the world. World Bank development projects for example include the development of water projects. By helping toR ead MoreGlobalization and Its Discontents1109 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization and its Discontents, 2002 Chapters 1 and 2 [pic] Chapter 1: The Promise of Global Institutions International Organizations – powerful institutions today A. International Bureaucrats – the â€Å"faceless symbols of the world economic order† are under attack B. Protests of Int’l Org Meetings – continual flashpoints/conflict 1. WTO – Seattle, 1999 protest 2. Annual IMF/World Bank protests 3. Protests not new in developing

Marketing strategy of icici bank free essay sample

A banker or bank is a financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money. It is an institution for receiving, keeping, and lending money. It is often described as a credit institution. .On deposits, the bank pays interest and for lending money, it charges a higher rate of interest. It performs a large variety of functions in the modern society. Acc. to Banking Regulation Act of India, â€Å"Banking means the accepting, for the purpose of lending or investment of deposits of money from the public repayable on demand or otherwise, and withdrawal by cheque, draft, order or otherwise. † Acc. to R. P. KENT, â€Å"An organization whose principal operations are concerned with the accumulation of the temporarily idle money of the general public for the purpose of advancing to others for expenditure. † Banking In India A Brief Overview Banking in India originated in the last decades of the 18th century. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India, a government-owned bank that traces its origins back to June 1806 and that is the largest commercial bank in the country. Central banking is the responsibility of the Reserve Bank of India, which in 1935 formally took over these responsibilities from the then Imperial Bank of India, relegating it to commercial banking functions. After Indias independence in 1947, the Reserve Bank was nationalized and given broader powers. In 1969 the government nationalized the 14 largest commercial banks; the government nationalized the six next largest in 1980. Currently, India has 88 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) 27 public sector banks (that is with the Government of India holding a stake), 31 private banks (these do not have government stake; they may be publicly listed and traded on stock exchanges) and 38 foreign banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATMs. According to a report by ICRA Limited, a rating agency, the public sector banks hold over 75 percent of total assets of the banking industry, with the private and foreign banks holding 18. 2% and 6. 5% respectively. The Indian banking has come from a long way from being a sleepy business institution to a highly proactive and dynamic entity. This transformation has been largely brought about by the large dose of liberalization and economic reforms that allowed banks to explore new business opportunities rather than generating revenues from conventional streams (i. e. borrowing and lending). The banking in India is highly fragmented with 30 banking units contributing to almost 50% of deposits and 60% of advances. Indian nationalized banks (banks owned by the government) continue to be the major lenders in the economy due to their sheer size and penetrative networks which assures them high deposit mobilization. The Indian banking can be broadly categorized into nationalized, private banks and specialized banking institutions. The Reserve Bank of India acts as a centralized body monitoring any discrepancies and shortcoming in the system. It is the foremost monitoring body in the Indian financial sector. The nationalized banks (i. e. government owned banks) continue to dominate the Indian banking arena. Industry estimates indicate that out of 274 commercial banks operating in India, 223 banks are in the public sector and 51 are in the private sector. The private sector bank grid also includes 24 foreign banks that have started their operations here. Under the ambit of the nationalized banks come the specialized banking institutions. These co-operatives, rural banks focus on areas of agriculture, rural development etc. , unlike commercial banks these co-operative banks do not lend on the basis of a prime lending rate. They also have various tax sops because of their holding pattern and lending structure and hence have lower overheads. This enables them to give a marginally higher percentage on savings deposits. Many of these cooperative banks diversified into specialized areas (catering to the vast retail audience) like car finance, housing loans, truck finance etc. in order to keep pace with their public sector and private counterparts, the co-operative banks too have invested heavily in information high-end computerized banking technology to offer services toils NATIONALISATION OF BANKS The next significant milestone in Indian Banking happened in the late 1960s when the then Indira Gandhi government nationalized, on 19th July, 1969, 14 major commercial Indian banks, followed by nationalization of 6 more commercial Indian banks in 1980. Some prominent private banks such as Central Bank owned by Tatas, United Commercial Bank by Birlas, Syndicate Bank by Pais become nationalized. Only State Bonk of India had been nationalized in July 1955 under the SBI Act of 1955. The stated reason for the nationalization was more control of credit delivery. After this, until the 1990s, the nationalized banks grew at a leisurely pace of around 4%-also called as the Hindu growth of the Indian economy. Liberalization In the early 1990s the then Narasimha Rao government embarked on a policy of liberalization and gave licenses to a small number of private banks, which came to be known as New Generation tech-savvy banks, which included banks like ICICI Bank and ICICI Bank. This move along with the rapid growth in the economy of India, kick started the banking sector in India, which has seen rapid growth with strong contribution from all the three sectors of banks, namely, government banks, private banks and foreign banks. However there had been a few hiccups for these new banks with many either being taken over like Global Trust Bank while others like Centurion Bank have found the going tough. The next stage for the Indian banking has been setup with the proposed relaxation in the norms for Foreign Direct Investment, where all Foreign Investors in banks may be given voting rights which could exceed the present cap of 10%. The private banks with their focused business and service portfolio have a reputation of being niche players in the industry. A strategy that has allowed these banks to concentrate on few reliable high net worth companies and individuals rather than cater to the mass market. These well-chalked out integrates strategy plans have allowed most of these banks to deliver superlative levels of personalized services. With the Reserve Bank of India allowing these banks to operate 70% of their businesses in urban areas, this statutory requirement has translated into lower deposit mobilization costs and higher margins relative to public sector banks. A Chronology of Nationalisation of Banks 1949: Enactment of Banking Regulation Act. 1955(Phase I): Nationalisation of State Bank of India 1959(Phase II): Nationalisation of SBI subsidiaries 1961: Insurance cover extended to deposits 1969(Phase III): Nationalisation of 14 major banks 1971: Creation of credit Guarantee Corporation 1975: Creation of regional rural banks 1980(Phase IV): Nationalisation of six banks with deposits over 200 crores. The major participants of the Indian financial system are the commercial banks, the financial institutions (FIs), encompassing term-lending institutions, investment institutions, specialized financial institutions and the state-level development banks, Non-Bank Financial Companies (NBFCs) and other market intermediaries such as the stock brokers and money-lenders. The commercial banks and certain variants of NBFCs are among the oldest of the market participants. The FIs, on the other hand, are relatively new entities in the financial market place. CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO STUDY The main object of the project was to learn about the various products that the bank had to offer to the customers, that is basically a new dimension of selling product to customers, analyze the awareness of the [emailprotected] service with existing customers, educate them regarding the same and motivate them to enroll for the service and also try to assess why the customers are resisting to use the service and finally encourage corporate organizations that maintain their salary accounts with the bank to get a corporate box installed in their office premises. In order to understand and analyze the awareness of [emailprotected] service a questionnaire was prepared and the focus was on the walk inns at the branch that already are customers of the bank. The idea was to analyze the various issues as mentioned above. The analysis showed that many of the existing customers who live even far off from the branch have high frequency of visits to the branch. The analysis also clearly showed that the awareness regarding the service was extremely low. The Bank had to promote the service in order to reach out to the customers and make its presence felt. Observation also indicated that the foot falls at the vasai branch actually come from almost all parts of the city irrespective of the relationship the customers have with the branches throughout the city, making the task even more difficult the drop boxes throughout the city have not been strategically been placed there various locations that do not have the drop boxes but there is high number of foot fall from the area. Also this lead to the understanding that the policy to install drop boxes in areas is very faulty and the corporate office must look into the matter. For awareness of the service I have given recommendations regarding places where the drop boxes should be placed, and some suggestions to overcome the problem. For my task of learning the various products and their features I was guided by the executives at the bank a lot of observation went in and sufficient data form the internet was used to understand the products and services. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FORMULATING A RESEARCH PROBLEM â€Å"Product and services provided by ICICI bank† OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge of the various products and their features through observation method and through secondary data 2. To understand daily operations of the bank 3. [emailprotected] Understand the process of [emailprotected] Find out the awareness of the service Motivate customers to enroll for the service Develop ideas for awareness Develop promotional strategies for the service Places to put drop boxes Find out drawbacks of the service Motivate organizations to put up corporate boxes 5. To convince organizations to install Corporate Boxes in their premises and explain to them the advantages and the functioning . RESEARCH DESIGN The research design is descriptive and is conclusive in nature SAMPLE DESIGN Sample Size 50 Non-Probability sampling will suit the best Convenience sampling is taken into consideration SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION OF DATA Primary Data: The data consisted of Information collected with the help of Questionnaire for analyzing [emailprotected] service. Sample size of which was 50 existing customers. Personal interview was done with the walk ins. Observation method was used for understanding various products and their features and understanding overview of the 5 ’S’ Philosophy. LIMITATION Research Study was to limited geographical area. As all the respondent may not have given correct answer. Sample size was very limited. Many respondent may have liked the competitor company so they have given wrong aswer. Secondary Data: Was collected from internet and intranet within the company for Understanding the product and the features . Understanding the functioning of [emailprotected] Obtaining the documents for Corporate Boxes. CHAPTER 4. 1 OVERVIEW OF ICICI BANK INTRODUCTION TO ICICI BANK The banking sector reforms undertaken in India from 1992 onwards were basically aimed at ensuring the safety and soundness of financial institutions and at the same time at making the banking system strong, efficient, functionally diverse and competitive. The reforms included measures for arresting the decline in productivity, efficiency and profitability of the banking sector. Furthermore, it was recognized that the Indian banking system should be in tune with international standards of capital adequacy, prudential regulations, and accounting and disclosure standards. Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, have made our banking system resilient to global shocks. ICICI is one of the largest bank in India. ICICI Bank is Indias second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 3,634. 00 billion (US$ 81 billion) at March 31, 2010 and profit after tax Rs. 40. 25 billion (US$ 896 million) for the year ended March 31, 2010. The Bank has a network of 2,508 branches and 5,808 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Our UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany. ICICI Banks equity shares are listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). CHAPTER 4. 2 ICICI AS AN ORGANISATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS ICICI Banks Board members include eminent individuals with a wealth of experience in international business, management consulting, banking and financial services. Directors Profiles Chanda Kochhar Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer N. S. Kannan K. Ramkumar Rajiv Sabharwal Executive Director CFO Executive Director Executive Director Awards Time and again our innovative banking services has been recognized and rewarded world over. Ms. Chanda Kochhar, Managing Director CEO was ranked 11th by Financial Times in The Top 50 Women In World Business Ms. Chanda Kochhar, Managing Director CEO was ranked 10th in the International Fortune list of 50 most powerful women in business ICICI Bank was voted as the Most Trusted Brand among private sector banks in the 2010 Economic Times Brand Equity Most Trusted Brands Awards and ranked 7th in the list of Top 50 service brands ICICI Bank received the 2010 World Finance UK award for: Excellence in Remittance Business, Worldwide Excellence in NRI Services, Worldwide Excellence in Private Banking Business, APAC Region ICICI Bank UK, HiSAVE has been awarded Best Online Savings Account Provider 2010 by Your Money ,direct consumer awards,UK ICICI Bank UK, HiSAVE has been commended for Best Internet Account Provider 2010 and Best Fixed Rate Account Provider 2010 by Moneyfacts, an independent consumer finance leading aggregator. Ms. Chanda Kochhar, MD CEO was awarded the Financial Express Best Banker Award For the sixth time in a row, ICICI Bank has received the Most Preferred Auto Loan Brand in the Financials Services category at the CNBC Consumer Awards ICICI Bank has won Gold in the Readers Digest Trusted Brands 2010 Consumer award in the Finance category for a) Best Bank and b) Best Credit Card Issuing Bank .Mr. K. V. Kamath, Chairman Mr. K. Vaman Kamath is the non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of ICICI Bank Limited, Indias second largest bank. Mr. Kamath has a degree in mechanical engineering and did his management studies at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. He started his career in 1971 at ICICI, an Indian financial institution that founded ICICI Bank and merged with it in 2002. In 1988, he moved to the Asian Development Bank and spent several years in South-East Asia before returning to ICICI as its Managing Director CEO in 1996. Under his leadership, the ICICI Group transformed itself into a diversified, technology-driven financial services group that has leadership positions across banking, insurance and asset management in India, and an international presence. He retired as Managing Director CEO in April 2009, and took up his present position effective May 1, 2009. Mr. Kamath was conferred with the Padma Bhushan, one of Indias highest civilian honours, in 2008. He has received widespread recognition internationally and in India, including being named Businessman of the Year by Forbes Asia and Business Leader of the Year by The Economic Times, India in 2007 and CNBCs Asian Business Leader of the Year in 2001. Mr. Kamath was the President of the Confederation of Indian Industry for the year 2008-09. He is also an independent Director on the Board of Directors of Infosys Technologies Limited, Lupin Limited and Schlumberger Limited. He has been a co-chair of the World Economic Forums Annual Meeting in Davos and is a member of the Board of the Institute of International Finance. CHAPTER 5 SWOT ANALYSIS Introduction to SWOT Analysis The overall evaluation of the company’s Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats is called as SWOT Analysis. The external environment analysis of any business will give you the opportunities and threats facing the business. The external environment consist of two parts: 1) Macro Environment: Demographic, Economic, Technology, Political-legal, Socio-cultural 2) Micro Environment: Customers, Competition, Distributors, Suppliers. STRENGHTS: 1) Online Services: ICICI Bank provides online services of all it’s banking facilities. It also provides Demat account facilities on-line, so a person can access his account from anywhere he is. [Demat is a dematerialized account opened by a salaried person for purchase sale of shares of different companies. ] 2) Advanced Infrastructure: Branches of ICICI Bank are well equipped with advanced technology to provide the customers with taster banking services. All the computerized machines are located in suitable manner are very useful to the customers staff of the bank. 3) Friendly Staff: The staff of ICICI Bank in all branches is very friendly help the customers in all cases. They provide faster services along with bonding personal relationship with the customers. 4) 12 hrs. Banking services: Compared to other bank ICICI bank provides long hrs. of services i. e. 8-8 services to the customers. This service is one of it’s kind is very helpful for the customers who are in urgent need of money. 5) Other Facilities to the Customers Employees: ICICI Bank also provides other facilities like drinking water facilities, proper sitting arrangements to the customers. And there are also proper Ventilation sanitary facilities for the employees of the bank. 6) Late night ATM services: ICICI bank provides late night ATM services to the customers. The ATM centers of ICICI bank works even after 11:00pm. at night in certain branches. WEAKNESS: 1) High Bank Service Charges: ICICI bank charges highly to customers for the services provided by them when compared to other bank that is why it is only in the reach of higher class of society. 2) Less Credit Period: ICICI bank provides credit facilities but only upto limited period. Even when the credit period is not over it sends reminder letters to the customers which may annoy them. OPPORTUNITIES: 1) Bank –Insurance services: The bank should also provide insurance services. That means the bank can have a tie-up with a insurance company. The bank will advertise promote the different policies introduced by the insurance company convince their customers to buy insurance policies. 2) Increase in percentage of Returns on increase: The bank should provide higher returns on deposits in comparison of the present situation. This will also upto large extent help the bank earn profits popularity. 3) Recruit professionally guided students: Bank Insurance is a special non-aid course where the students specialize in the functioning services of the bank also are knowledge about various tax policies. The bank can recruit these students through tie-ups with colleges. Such students will surely prove as an asset to the bank. 4) Associate with social cause: The bank can also associate itself with social causes like providing relief aid patients, funding towards natural calamities. But this falls in the 4th quadrant so the bank should neglect it. THREATS: 1) Competition: ICICI Bank is facing tight competition locally as well as internationally. Bank like CITI Bank, HSBC, ABM, Standered Chartered, ICICI also provide equivalent facilities like ICICI do and also ICICI do not have consistency in its international operation. 2) Net Services: ICICI Bank provides all kind of services on-line. There can be easy access to the e-mail ids of the customers through wrong people. The confidential information of the customers can be leaked easily through the e-mail ids. 3) Decentralized Management: Each branch manager is given the authority of taking decisions in their respective branches. The decisions made by different managers are diverse and any one wrong decision can laid to heavy losses to the bank. 4) No Proper Facilities To Uneducated customers: ICICI Bank provides all services through electronic computerized machines. This creates problems to the less educated people. But this threat falls in the 4th quadrant so its negligible. The company can avoid this threat. CHAPTER 6 OPERATIONS PRODUCT FEATURES PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: ICICI Bank offers wide variety of Deposit Products to suit customer requirements. Coupled with convenience of networked branches/ over 1800 ATMs and facility of E-channels like Internet and Mobile Banking, ICICI Bank brings banking at the doorstep. 6. 1 SAVINGS ACCOUNT ICICI Bank offers customers a power packed Savings Account with a host of convenient features and banking channels to transact through. So now customers can bank at their convenience, without the stress of waiting in queues. ICICI Bank provides its customers with various types of savings accounts keeping in mind different needs of different people. Normal Savings Account Special Savings Account Senior Citizen Accounts Young Stars Accounts (1)Normal Savings Account: The Normal savings Account that ICICI offers has the following salient features 1. Anywhere Banking: Opening an account with ICICI is not exclusive to the branch the customer has walked into, customer enjoy the power of banking at any of the branches throughout India. Customers have the power to withdraw cash up to Rs. 50,000 and make cash deposits up to Rs. 50,000 as well. 2. Internet Banking: This is a value added service that the customers are offered free of cost it allows them to check their account balance, pay utility bills, make fund transfers between self accounts as well as third party at the click of the mouse. 3. Ncash debit cum ATM card: It is an international 2-in-1 card that enables customers not only to withdraw cash from ICICI but also from a non ICICI VISA ATM’s further it allows customers to shop at various merchant outlets accredited to VISA across the globe. 4. Minimum Balance: Customers need not maintain a daily minimum balance in their account. On a given day balance in the account may drop to zero, this allows customers all their funds at their disposal. Customers need to maintain an average balance of Rs. 5,000 per quarter. Non-maintenance of the minimum average quarterly balance attracts a fee of Rs. 750 per quarter. (2)Special Savings Account: The Special Savings Account has been designed keeping in mind the specific needs of organizations such as Trusts, Associations, Societies, Councils, Clubs etc. It provides organizations solutions with added value and is ideal for tax exempted entities. The Special Savings Account has the following salient features: 1. Multi-City Cheque Book: This facility allows its customers to skip the traditional way of transferring funds to other cities through a demand draft. The Special Savings Account holder are issued two separate chequebooks for local and outstation use, thereby not only saving on time but also saving on draft commission. The cheques are payable at par at designated ICICI Bank branches across the country. There will be no limit to the value of cheque issued on a single day at RBI clearing centers. For all other centers a cap of Rs. 10, 00,000 on a single day apply. All chequrebooks are personalized. 2. Quantum Optima Facility: Quantum Optima facility combines the liquidity of a saving account and high returns of Fixed Deposit. All balances in the saving account above Rs. 25,000 are transferred to a fixed deposit in multiples of Rs. 5,000 for a time period of one year. The funds however continue to be accessible around the clock through ATM, and also through cheques. Whenever the saving account balance falls below the specified limit, sufficient amount is transferred back from the fixed deposit by breaking in units of Rs. 1,000 on last in first out basis, the terms of the fixed deposit can be specified. This facility is available to those employees who do not use the overdraft facility. However one the overdraft is regularized this facility can be resumed. (3) Senior Citizen Account: The Senior Citizen Account has a few services that the Normal Savings Account does not offer. The salient feature of the Senior Citizen Account are Higher Interest Rates. Demand Loan / overdraft against deposits will be upto 90% of the deposit. The upcountry cheque collection facility for locations with ICICI Bank presence free of charge to the Senior Citizen customers. The ICICI Bank encash debit card is a debit-cum-ATM card providing you with the convenience of acceptance at merchant establishments and cash withdrawals at ATMs. Auto Invest Account Internet Banking is offered free of cost. Anywhere Banking This facility entitles the account holder to withdraw or deposit cash upto a limit of Rs. 50,000 across all ICICI Bank branches. (4) Young Stars Account: Young Stars is a banking service for children, aged 1day -18 years, brought to you by ICICI Bank to help the parents meet the present and future aspirations that they hold for their child. It offers various savings and investment options to the parent along with teaching the child to manage his/her personal finance in a more responsible and independent manner. Young Stars will guide your child through the world of banking -through checking the account balance, fun zones and special pages on the internet. It makes banking a pleasure and of course teaches your child to manage their personal finances. With the pocket money that you transfer to your childs account, you can even shop with him / her at Young Stars very own shopping page. . 6. 2 FIXED DEPOSIT: ICICI provides its customers with various kinds of Fixed deposit facilities that are flexible and cater to customers who have different needs and wants in their fixed deposits. ICICI provides a Fixed Deposit that allows customers to deposit their money for just as long as you wish. The Fixed Deposits can be opened for periods ranging from 15 days to 10 years. Salient features of a normal fixed deposit Allows customers to open fixed deposits for periods ranging from 15 days to 10 years and a choice of two investment plans: Traditional Interest payable monthly, quarterly or half-yearly as per your convenience Maturity period ranges from 15 days to 10 years. Reinvestment Interest is compounded quarterly and reinvested with principal amount Maturity period ranges from 6 months to 10 years Minimum Balance Customers can avail of ICICI Bank Fixed Deposits for a minimum deposit of Rs. 10,000 and thereafter in multiples of just Rs. 1,000. Nomination Nomination facility is available for relationships in the names of individuals. Unless otherwise specifically, given in writing by depositors, nomination in deposit accounts will be at Customer ID level. Depositor(s) however has/have the right to specify different nominations at account level by completing appropriate forms. Further, the applicant(s) is/are at liberty to change the nominee, through declaration in the appropriate form to revise the nomination during the currency of the relationship accounts with the Bank. (A) The Easy Fixed Deposit: Easy Fixed Deposit is an ICICI Bank fixed deposit scheme having benefits of Debit -cum- ATM card. The depositors shall be provided with a Debit Card for transacting in fixed deposit. Transactions which are allowed are Part withdrawal of fixed deposit Full withdrawal of fixed deposit Generation of mini statement (B)Recurring Deposit: ICICI Banks Recurring Deposits are the ideal way to invest small amounts of money every month and end up with a large saving on maturity. It aims to encourage savings without putting any stress on customers finances by making them to put a lump sum amount in fixed deposit in one go. The recurring deposit also attracts high rate of return that are identical to the fixed deposit rates and most importantly no TDS is applicable on it. The minimum balance of deposit is of Rs. 500 and thereafter in multiples of Rs. 100 the minimum period is 6months and thereafter in multiples of 3months, nomination facility is also available. 6. 3 CURRENT ACCOUNT Every business requires efficient banking facilities to support its business activities. ICICI Bank offers premium quality service, unfolding a wide array of class products. With technology leadership and service the bank is able to meet some of the most challenging financial needs of clients. A Current Account is one that is required by Businessman, Joint stock companies, Institutions, Public authorities, public corporations etc. Any business that has numerous banking tranactions need a current account as it Allows running account supporting unlimited withdrawals and deposits. Is meant for convenience and not to save money. Benefits of current account: Unlimited Withdrawal and Deposit Unlimited Cheque book Demand Drafts and Payorders Funds Transfer ( Local or Anywhere) Collection of Cheques/ Drafts Statements, Advices, Daily statement by e-mail Cash withdrawal and Deposits Call center Internet Banking. Multicity Cheque payment facility at over 155 centers Anywhere Banking facility Doorstep Banking Pickup and delivery of Currency / Cheque Mobile Banking 6. 4 SALARY ACCOUNT The process of drawing cheques for salaries is replaced by sending a single ASCII file to the bank and the amount is directly credited into the employees salary account Cuts down payroll processing workload Salary Account can be opened with minimum 10 employees Instant credit of salaries ICICI Bank Salary Account is a benefit-rich payroll account for Employers and Employees. As an organization, you can opt for our Salary Accounts to enable easy disbursements of salaries and enjoy numerous other benefits too. With ICICI Bank Salary Accounts your employees will enjoy the convenience of : †¢Having the largest network of ATMs at their command, †¢Free 24 hour Phone Banking, †¢Free Internet Banking. All that the organization would require to do is to send ICICI Bank an advice (in form of a cheque/debit instruction, ecs, etc) for the total salary amount along with the salary details of the designated employees in a soft and hard copy format and we will credit the respective employees accounts as per your statement of advice. 6. 5 INVESTMENT SERVICES ICICI Bank cares about all needs. Along with Deposit products and Loan offerings, ICICI Bank assists people to manage their finances by providing various investment options ranging from ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds to Equity Investments through Initial Public Offers and Investment in Pure Gold. ICICI Bank facilitates following investment products: ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds Government of India Bonds Investment in Mutual Funds Initial Public Offers by Corporate Investment in Pure Gold Customers can invest in above products through any of ICICI bank branches. For select products ICICI Bank also provides the ease of investing through electronic channels like ATMs and Internet (ICICIdirect. com) 6. 6 LOANS Salient Features: Attractive interest rates Door-step service from enquiry stage till final disbursement Can transfer your existing high-interest rate loan Free p

Development Of Regional Economic Systems †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Of Regional Economic Systems? Answer: Introduction: The aim of the report is to study the marketing plan of an organisation. Marketing plan of an organisation has encompasses several aspects like its branding strategy, its market position, the position of its products on the BCG matrix and its product lifecycle analysis(PLC). Hence, in order to develop a more holistic approach into marketing plan, the assignment will take into account all these factors against the background of a restaurant in Australia serving mainly delicacies from Asian countries like Iran called Kebab Thyme. Overview: Marketing plans or strategies of commercial organisations are formed based on the marketing objectives. The top management have to take into account several factors related to the market environment like the product lifecycle of the product being studied, its brand positioning strategy and target customers. In fact it can be pointed that all these factors are interrelated and companies consider all these factors while making marketing plans. The paper looks into preparing marketing plans for a commercial organisation. The chosen organisation is Kebab Thyme, a restaurant in Australia presenting tasty Central Asian dishes with western touch. The report closely delves into these concepts like branding positioning and BCG matrix in the light of Kebab Thyme(Thyme 2017). Report aim: The aim of the report is to prepare marketing plan for a commercial organisation. The aim is also to delve into important aspects of marketing plans like segmentation, targeting and position of products in the market. Structure: The assignment opens a study of correlated situation analysis followed by a PLC analysis. The next section is a BCG matrix based on the products of Kebab Thyme followed by an Ansoff analysis. A set of three marketing objectives based on Ansoff, BCG and PLC follows this section. This is followed by a brand positioning strategy based on marketing objectives of the Kebab Thyme. The last section, the marketing metrics section delves into how Kebab Thyme measures success and its outcomes of its business objectives. Scope: The scope of the study is marketing plan which is a vast area of study spanning related topics like brand equity and positioning. The paper also includes matrices and figures to present the study in a more lucid way before the reader. Correlated situation analysis: Kebab Thyme sells Central Asia food items like kebabs presented in Mexican and Ottaman style to appeal to the local population. The following is the situation analysis of the restaurant: Strengths: The main strength of Kebab Thyme is its high quality food products, which are available at very affordable prices. The customer review shows that the customers enjoy food offered by Kebab Thyme. They also enjoy the ambience offered by the restaurant and the services of its trained staffs. This shows that the restaurant enjoys a very big base of loyal customers and very high market position in Australian fast food market(zomato.com. 2017). The restaurant allows online ordering of food items using its official website portal. The customers can also order food using food ordering and delivery portals like Zomato. This shows that the restaurant is financially very strong which enables it to invest in technology and ecommerce marketing(Ryan 2016). The strong financial and technological strength of Kebab Thyme allow bring about innovation in its product line and bring about more innovative products like The Mexican Kebab which combines Central Asian and Mexican tastes. This helps the restaurant to serve a large base of customers having diverse tastes. Weaknesses: The biggest weakness of Kebab Thyme is the challenge it faces due to rise in health consciousness among the Australian people. The Australian people are increasing becoming aware of the harmful impacts of fast food on their bodies like obesity. The government of the Australia also impose certain restrictions on the fast food businesses like increase in tax. These taxes raise the expenditure of the restaurant(Poti et al. 2014). The fast food industry is less well developed compared to other industries like automobile and construction. Hence, Kebab Thyme finds it difficult to attract highly qualified and experienced human resources. This weakness of the fast food industry as a whole increases the operating costs of Kebab Thyme. Opportunities: Kebab Thyme must expand its product line to incorporate Australian dishes like pea and ham soup. This will give it the opportunity to appear more Australian and attract more customers(Woodgate 2017). Kebab Thyme must incorporate health food product variant of like kebabs having less oil and salt. This would help the company attract the health conscious customers as well which will increase its revenue generation. This offering food with less oil and spices would help the restaurant to counteract the controversies it faces due to impact of its food product on the consumers health. Threats: The restaurant has a limited presence within Australia and receives threats from all local fast food sellers. Kebab Thyme receives bigger threats from international fast food giants like KFC and McDonalds as well. These fast chains serve pastas and pizzas, which are apparently healthier than kebabs and wraps. Thus, they succeed in attracting more customers than Kebab Thyme. The restaurant as pointed out faces serious threats from the society owing to the hamrmful impacts of its fast food products on the consumers. Kebab Thyme faces criticisms from media, government bodies and the society at large. It is also threatened by the legal actions and probes initiated by the government bodies. Product lifecycle(PLC) analysis: Product lifecycle of PLC of food products of Kebab Thyme consist of four stages namely, introduction, growth stage, maturity and decline stage. The following are the analysis of the product lifecycle stages of food items introduced by Kebab Thyme: Introduction stage: Kebab Thyme introduces new food items on its menu cards to serve diverse and continuously changing needs of the customers. The restaurant introduces new food products and advertises them in various ways to raise customer awareness and demand for them. The products in the introductory stage do not attract high demand from the customers and hence does not generate much revenue. The restaurant has to inject huge amount of money into the promotion of new products to generate maximum demand and to ensure that they start generating revenue from the customers. It advertises its new food products at the important crossings and in important places like shopping malls and airports. The firm also advertises its food products on the digital platform like Zomato and on its own official website(Morais 2016). This enables the new products in the introduction of their lifecycle attracts a large customer base(Ros 2016). Growth Stage: As per Wellner(2015) the food products in the growth stage experience strong growth in demand and sale. This growth in demand and sale for the products happen due to extensive promotional activities carried out by Kebab Thyme to make its new products famous among its customers. These food products in their growth stage start attracting large consumer base and generating revenue. Maturity: Fawole and Opara(2013) state that products in the maturity stage generate huge revenue and requires very little investment from the firm to promote them. This is because the food products in the maturity stage already have their individual loyal base of customers who consume them regularly. The kebab items like The Mexican receive huge orders from the buyers both in the restaurant and over the online food ordering portals like Zomato. These food products in the maturity stage earn huge revenue for the firm. The firm can redirect the revenue it earns from sale of products in maturity towards promotion of products in introductory and growth stages(Cooper 2014). Decline stage: The food products in this stage generate very demand because they fail to meet the new demands of the consumers. The lack of demand of such products lead to fall in their profit generation. Kebab Thyme deals with the food items in this stage in two ways. First, it withdraws the products in decline stage and introduces new products. Second, it introduces new variants of the product in decline stage for example, if the product in decline stage is a ham category, the firm introduces new product, which is of chicken or pork category. The firm in both the cases introduces the new products by treating them like products in the introductory stage(Fuller 2016). BCG matrix: The Boston Consultancy Group Matrix can be divided into four components namely, cash cows, dogs, question marks and stars. The explanation of these four basis and the analysis of the food products of Kebab thyme are as follows: Cash Cows: The cash cows are applicable for products which enjoy high market share in a slow growing market. The companies generate huge revenue by selling them and have to spend very little on boosting their market demand because they already share strong market share. The graph points out to the steady increase in fast food outlets in Australia, which shows that fast food market in Australia is growing very fast. This analysis shows that the fast food does not belong to the category of cash cows because they deal in slow growing markets(Cantwell 2015). The dogs refer to products, which experience low demand in slow growing industries. It can be pointed from the graph above that fast food is a fast growing industry and hence, Kebab Thyme, being a part of the industry does not fall into the category of dogs. Question marks: The question marks represent the products which have low market share in high growth market. An analysis of the statement shows that it is related to newly introduced products in the market. Thus, the newly introduced products by Kebab Thyme come under this category(Fenwick, Kaal and Vermeulen 2017). Stars: The stars represent products, which enjoy high market value in a fast moving market. As per Markey and Watson(2017) the expenditure on fast food in Australia is expected to grow more than $37 billion in 2017. This shows that the fast food market in Australia is growth very fast and the positive reviews Kebab Thyme receives shows that it enjoys a high market share. Thus, the established food items of the restaurant belong to this category. In short, the new food products of Kebab Thyme belong to the question mark category while the established food items belong to star category, which is shown in the figure below. Stars ?(New products of Kebab Thyme) Cash cows Dogs(Established products of Kebab Thyme) The strategic planning tool of Ansoff matrix stands on four pillars namely, market penetration, market development, product development and diversification. The firms use market penetration to enter deeper into the existing markets in order to gain higher market capturing. The firms enter new markets with their existing products, which are known as market development. The companies enter existing markets using new products, which are known as product development(Fung 2014). The entering of new markets with new products is known as diversification. Kebab Thyme takes to market penetration by promoting its products to generate demand from new areas in Australia. It can also be pointed out that the firm applies product development by introducing new food products. However the firm has no presence beyond Australia which limits its capability of using diversification strategy of introducing new products in new markets to earn high competitive advantage. Market penetration Market development Product development Diversification Three main marketing objectives based on BCG, Ansoff and PLC: Three analysis of the PLC, BCG and Ansoff matrices based on Kebab Thyme reveal three main marketing objectives which are as follows: Increase in competitiveness: As pointed out in the BCG matrix, the fast food market is a very fast growing market in Australia attracting new business firms which is making it extremely competitive. The firms first objective of market as a result should be to gain more market penetration by marketing its products. This would help it to sell its products to a larger base of customers and earn higher profits. This would enhance its competitive advantage in the market and help it to counteract challenges from international players like KFC(Zakharova et al. 2015). Increase in profitability: Kebab Thyme does not have international presence as pointed out in the Ansoff matrix which weakens its profitability compared to international competitors like KFC. Thus conducting aggressive marketing would help it to achieve deeper market penetration in Australia and earn higher profits. The increased profits can also be reinvested by the company to expand into new markets which in turn enhance its profitability(McMurrian and Matulich 2016). Customer loyalty and growth: Yoo and Bai(2013) state that customer loyalty and growth leads to business organisations. It can also be pointed that marketing of high quality products to customers helps the firms to generate high profits. Hence, Kebab Thyme can market its matured products to customers to develop a loyal customer and earn high profits. Branding positioning strategy according to the marketing mix: Kebab Thyme would position its entire product portfolio in the market as a restaurant offering high quality Central Asian delicacies in Australia using the following four strategies: The restaurant should position itself in the market as a high quality fast food producer. It should promote its entire portfolio aggressive in the market to gain high competitiveness. The restaurant should give offers to the customers to attract more customers and gain more profits. These offers should be offered to both customers who visit the restaurant and those who order online. This would allow the firm to attract more customers and gain higher competitiveness in the market. The third branding strategy would branding the products to match the culture of Australia. This would allow the firm to attract more Australian customers and gain higher competitiveness compared to foreign companies like KFC. It must use CSR as a brand positioning strategy and position itself as a business unit who operates to benefit the community by providing high quality food. It must also collaborate with local suppliers like farmers which it to promote its brand as a socially responsible brand. Framework of marketing matrix: The marketing matrix consists of the 4Ps of marketing namely, product, place, price and promotion. The below figure shows that marketing matrix based on Kebab Thyme: Product: The high quality food offered by Kebab Thyme. Place: Australia, has both physical outlets and present online as well to accept orders from customers Promotion: Advertisments, offers and discounts Price: Affordable Kebab Thyme can measure its success on the basis of the matrix. For example, it can compare the revenues it generates during and after offer a discount. The difference in profits would show the result achieved by floating the promotional offer. Thus, this analysis shows that marketing matrix can be used by Kebab Thyme to measure its financial and market performance. Conclusion: It can be concluded that marketing plans are very crucial to the business organisations to retain high competitive position in the market and generate high profits. Marketing plan of fast food firms like Kebab Thyme depend on analysis of the market using the tools like BCG matrix, Ansoff matrix and marketing matrix. These tools provides the companies with valuable information so that they can position their brand in the market to earn high profits. References: Baker, P. (2017).Fat nation: why so many Australians are obese and how to fix it. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/fat-nation-why-so-many-australians-are-obese-and-how-to-fix-it-23783 [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Cantwell, B., 2015. Are international students cash cows? Examining the relationship between new international undergraduate enrollments and institutional revenue at public colleges and universities in the US.Journal of International Students,5(4), pp.512-525. Cooper, R.G., 2014. What's Next?: After Stage-Gate.Research-Technology Management,57(1), pp.20-31. Fawole, O.A. and Opara, U.L., 2013. Changes in physical properties, chemical and elemental composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (cv. Ruby) fruit at five maturity stages.Scientia Horticulturae,150, pp.37-46. Fenwick, M., Kaal, W.A. and Vermeulen, E.P., 2017. The UnmediatedAnd Tech-DrivenCorporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies. Fuller, G.W., 2016.New food product development: from concept to marketplace. CRC Press. Fung, H.P., 2014. The Relationships among Porter Five Forces, Generic Strategies, Ansoff Growth Strategies Strategy Methods in an IT IndustryA Conceptual Paper. Markey, A. and Watson, C. (2017).Australia's takeaway bill to hit $37bn. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/national/obesity-levels-show-australia-is-the-chubby-country/news-story/7e4b8198e68a0761a9d0a886ca8dc8c6 [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. McMurrian, R.C. and Matulich, E., 2016. Building customer value and profitability with business ethics.Journal of Business Economics Research (Online),14(3), p.83. Morais, M.M.R.D.A., 2016.h3, New hamburgology adapting to the contemporary consumer: how plant-based lifestyles affect the fast food industry(Doctoral dissertation). Poti, J.M., Duffey, K.J. and Popkin, B.M., 2014. The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children: is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet?.The American journal of clinical nutrition,99(1), pp.162-171. Ros, M., 2016. Responsive Website vs. Mobile Application: Street Food in Phnom Penh. Ryan, D., 2016.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Shanbhag, M., Dutt, M.L. and Bagwe, S., 2016. Strategic Talent Management: A Conceptual Analysis of BCG Model.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(7). Thyme, K. 2017.Kebab Thyme - Order home delivery/takeaway online. [online] Kebab-thyme.com.au. Available at: https://www.kebab-thyme.com.au/kebab-thyme#prettyPhoto [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. WellneAnswer:on and integration of the world economy as drivers of economic growth.Journal of Service Management,26(4), pp.565-587. Woodgate, T. (2017).Australia: 40 dishes locals call their own. [online] CNN Travel. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/australian-food/index.html [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Yoo, M. and Bai, B., 2013. Customer loyalty marketing research: A comparative approach between hospitality and business journals.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp.166-177. Zakharova, E.N., Prokhorova, V.V., Shutilov, F.V. and Klochko, E.N., 2015. Modern tendencies of cluster development of regional economic systems.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(5 S3), p.154. zomato.com. 2017.Kebab Thyme Burwood East Fast Food. [online] Available at: https://www.zomato.com/melbourne/kebab-thyme-burwood-east/reviews [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017].

An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China

Introduction Jing Peng and Lili Zhang published their work entitled ‘An eye on target language use in elementary English classrooms in China’ in an edited book by M. Nikolov titled ‘Early Learning of Modern Foreign Languages: Processes and Outcomes’ which was published in the year 2009.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is a general agreement among researchers in second language learning that target language input plays a critical role in acquiring second and foreign language (Peng and Zhang, 2009). This essay will offer a critique of the research that was conducted and published by the two authors in which it can be argued that they made positive contribution to the teachers’ use of TL in elementary schools in China. Summary There is general agreement among researchers in second language acquisition which asserts that target language (TL) is critical in learning of the second and foreign language. Since learning often happens in a classroom environment, the use of TL by teachers is crucial as it becomes resourceful for students in obtaining knowledge in TL (Ellis, 1997; Ellis, 1984). The study by Jing Peng and Lili Zhang aimed to establish how the Chinese teachers made use of TL in elementary school English classes. The sample population for the study included fifty-four English teachers and two hundred and three students in elementary schools in China. Of the fifty-four teachers, four were subjected to observation whereas the rest were given questionnaires which they were required to fill (Peng and Zhang, 2009). The study aimed at finding out the manner in which teachers used TL in English classes. More emphasis was laid on the quantity and suitability of target language usage. It was hoped that the information gathered would be of great help in gen erating recommendations for English teachers to enhance their understanding of the significance of using TL while teaching. The data collected was also aimed at facilitating effectiveness among teachers in using TL in elementary schools while conducting foreign language classes (Peng and Zhang, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A naturalistic model was used, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. The investigation was conducted for a period of three months. The investigation made use of various methods that included interviews, questionnaires and observation methods in gathering data. In analyzing the results of the study, it was found out that significant variations existed in respect to the amount of TL used by the Chinese teachers. The results revealed that, in most instances, the teachers used less than 60% of their talk time on TL (Peng and Zhang, 2009). I t has to be noted that, the time used by teachers on TL was not commendable for the students who were learning a foreign language. In addition, from a pragmatic point of view, the used of TL by teachers was not sufficiently differentiated, and in most instances, was found not to be appropriate. From the findings of the research work, it was concluded that the usage of TL in foreign language classes, as observed in the study of elementary schools in China, was not reasonable (Peng and Zhang, 2009). Critique The researchers aimed to positively contribute to effective use of target language among teachers in elementary schools in China. This study relied on various methods of data collection including observation, interviews and questionnaires. However, it can be noted that the use of observation as a tool for data collection was not conducted in an appropriate way. This is because the four teachers who were observed were all from the main city areas of Shapingba District in Chonqing. This sample was not representative as the typical elementary schools were avoided (Peng and Zhang, 2009). The reason given for selecting the four elementary school teachers in city areas is that these schools put a lot of emphasis on English learning compared to other schools (Peng and Zhang, 2009). It is always recommended that the study population must be representative of the whole population.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, there was bias in selecting the four teachers and their students to be subjected to the observation methods. Nonetheless, the other fifty teachers who were issued with questionnaires were sampled randomly which is plausible in any research undertaking (Kumar, 2005). There is another weakness that can be noted in this study. This is particularly in respect to the observa tional method used in studying the four teachers and students. In this regard, the views by the students from the questionnaire seem to be contradicting what had been observed in class. It was found out that over 80% of the students were of the view that the TL usage by the teachers was relatively scarce, contrary to what had been recorded from observation, especially in respect to teacher A and B (Peng and Zhang, 2009). The other weakness was noted in the manner in which the study was undertaken where focus was put on the relationship between the teacher and students in respect to TL usage. The study failed to explore the relationship amongst students in respect to the same (Ellis, 1997). It has been noted that social aspects cannot be separated from the learning process (Kirshner and Whitson, 1997). Socio-cultural contexts in the learning process cannot be ignored as emphasized by Hall (1993) who noted that, â€Å"the ability to participate as a competent member in the practices of a group is learned through repeated engagement in and experience with these activities with more competent members of a group† (p 148). Besides the weaknesses that have been noted, generally, it can be pointed out that the study was insightful in shading some light on the TL use by teachers. The methodology used can be hailed to have been effective as it was diverse considering that it included observation, interviews and questionnaires. This enabled the researchers to capture all the necessary information for the study (Kumar, 2005). For instance; from the observation, it was noted that the use of TL among teachers from the student perspective was in contrast with what was observed in class. This was after the students responded to the questionnaire in which over 60% indicated that TL use in class was quite at a low scale (Peng and Zhang, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research is also presented in an insightful language that can easily be understood by scholars who are interested in TL issues, and this adds to the strengths of the study. The findings of the study were also useful in the sense that they provided useful tips which can be exploited to improve the learning of foreign language in elementary schools (Ellis, 1984). It was established that there was need to raise the teachers’ effectiveness in the use of target language. Also, the study recommends course coordinators to facilitate more workshops and teacher training courses which emphasize on strategies aimed at enhancing TL use by teachers. This will be aimed at helping teachers in facilitating the learning of students through the emphasis on the varied use of English (Peng and Zhang, 2009). The study points out some of the weaknesses identified in the system which can be improved to enhance learning of the English language in elementary schools. This includes the insufficien t use of TL in respect to teaching of foreign language in elementary schools, and insufficient variations in teachers’ TL use which was also unsuitable (Peng and Zhang, 2009). Having pointed out these issues, the study brings forth the necessity required to correct the mess so as to improve on how foreign languages can be learnt effectively. Therefore, it was necessary for the study to be conducted as it enabled the Chinese education system know about the performance of their system, which they might have been thinking to be on the right track. For instance, in the observation of the classroom presentations, it was discovered that some teachers allocated substantial time communicating in English to the students. However, in most occasions, more talk time was dedicated on repetition and short commends which added little value to the learning process (Peng and Zhang, 2009). Conclusion and Recommendations It can be observed that the contributions made by the research were insigh tful and appropriate in boosting the use of TL in elementary schools offering foreign language in China. This is because the study highlighted the TL use among the elementary school teachers with the aim of making suggestions and recommendation on how it could be improved. From the revelation of the study, it can be recommended that more time should be dedicated on effective TL use in class so as to realize good results. Also, more use of TL in elementary schools should be fostered to reach satisfactory levels. There is need to raise the teachers’ awareness in respect to TL use in class. There is no doubt that the main objective of the study was achieved as it gives a clear picture of the TL use among teachers in English classes. This can be replicated to other classes teaching foreign languages. The study also gives suggestions on how the efficiency of TL usage in class can be enhanced. References Ellis, E, 1984, Classroom Second language Development: A study of Classroom In teraction and language Acquisition. Oxford [Oxfordshire]; New York: Pergamon Press. Ellis, R, 1997, Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hall, J K, 1993, The role of oral practices in the accomplishment of our everyday lives: The socio-cultural dimension of interaction with implications for the learning of another language. Applied Linguistics, 14(2): 145–165. Kirshner, D and Whitson, A, 1997, Situated cognition: social, semiotic, and psychological perspectives. New York: Routledge. Kumar, R, 2005, Research methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners. London: Sage. Peng, J and Zhang, L, 2009, ‘An eye on target language use in elementary English classrooms in China’, in M. Nikolov (ed.), Early Learning of Modern Foreign Languages: Processes and Outcomes, Multilingual Matters, Bristol, pp. 212-228. This essay on An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China was written and submitted by user Matthias Hansen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Impact of Environment on the Inhabitants

Impact of Environment on the Inhabitants Free Online Research Papers People have settled in a wide variety of places around the world wherever people have settled; the climate, water supply, and other geographical features have affected them. This essay will show two geographic features and how each feature has had an effect on people living in that area. In one map, there are lots of geographic features. According to the document 2, there are mountains, rivers, and rain forest. In document 2, there is Andes Mountains, Amazon River, Orinoco River, and Tropical rain forest. The other map, there are lots of geographic features too! According to document 7, there everything except there is no desert in document 2. There is Sahara desert, Niger River, Senegal River, Nile River, Orange River, Zambezi River, Crystal Mountain, Drolsensberg Mountain, Congo River, Kalahari Desert and Malts Mountain. The effect that people living in that area is that they can travel, and has limited the exchange of goods and ideas between the interiors of America. Also the dense jungles of the Amazon rain forest have blocked travel to the in terror, preventing development of its rich mineral and timber resources. Therefore the map of geographic features is related to the climate because the mountains has cold climate. Be careful that the temperatures can fall to 50’ or 60’ below zero. It is very cold that time. So stay inside!HHHHH Research Papers on Impact of Environment on the InhabitantsMind TravelWhere Wild and West MeetThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaStandardized TestingOpen Architechture a white paperRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Types of Technology in a Business Environment Research Paper

Types of Technology in a Business Environment - Research Paper Example Technology is crucial for war, peace, business, and life. This is the reason why man has abandoned the technology of the bow and arrows to move on to the technology of the nuclear bomb. It is also the rationale why man has to improve his means of communication. Businesses prosper and become competitive only when the most advanced technology is used and life only becomes comfortable when the most advanced technology is tapped. Given the current economic environment of financial crisis where costs have to be tapered down and yet operational efficiency and power must be maintained, technology is a crucial part of the solution for business survival. It is therefore imperative to look into the types of technology that businesses can use to maintain competitiveness, efficiency, and survival if not profitability. In this work, I looked into four types of technology which I believe businesses will have to access if they want to be competitive in their industry. My impression is that the tech nologies that I will discuss will enable businesses to cut on labor and professional costs while making work and life easier for labor as they make the latter more productive. One type of technology which I consider has been significantly changing the way we conduct businesses are the mobile computers. Of course, we have witnessed how the laptop enabled an element of the work force to be productive wherever he or she may be. The laptop enabled the businessman to bring anywhere not only his or her organization’s business data.